Hierarchically ordered structures enabled by controlled evaporative self-assembly.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Hierarchical structures are common in both nature and technology. In the latter context, controlling the spatial arrangement of components over multiple length scales (i.e., forming hierarchically ordered structures) is highly desirable for many applications, such as lab-on-a-chip devices, integrated circuits, and microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs). [ 1 ] Most hierarchically ordered structures are fabricated by very costly, complicated, and destructive surface patterning techniques that rely heavily on lithographic conditions (e.g., electron-beam (e-beam) or deep-UV), the use of additional external forces (e.g., electric or magnetic fi elds), and the use of sophisticated multistep processing. By contrast, a simple yet promising strategy to create complex, hierarchically ordered structures is the combination of top-down controlled evaporative self-assembly with bottom-up molecular selfassembly. Evaporative self-assembly of nonvolatile solutes (e.g., polymers, viruses, DNA, latex particles, nanocrystals, and carbon nanotubes) from a sessile droplet yields a rich family of intriguing structures [ 2–4 ] possessing submicrometer dimensions and larger. These structures, however, often lack regularity. In order to take advantage of the extreme simplicity of this top-down technique and to exploit its full potential in many applications, control of the evaporative fl ux, solution concentration, and interfacial interactions of the solvent, solute, and substrate is necessary to produce highly ordered, complex structures. In a number of studies that elegantly demonstrated precise control over droplet evaporation, [ 5–15 ] including the controlled anisotropic wetting/ Hierarchically Ordered Structures Enabled by Controlled Evaporative Self-Assembly
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Small
دوره 6 20 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2010